Parul
The income tax department has notified rules for valuation of equity and compulsorily convertible preferable shares issued by startups to resident and non-resident investors.
As per the changes in Rule 11UA of I-T rules, which comes into effect from September 25, the
Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT) provides that the valuation of compulsorily convertible
preference shares (CCPS) can also be based on the fair market value of unquoted equity shares.
The amended rules also retain the five new valuation methods proposed in the draft rules for
consideration received from the non-residents viz., (i) Comparable Company Multiple Method, (ii) Probability Weighted Expected Return Method, (iii) Option Pricing Method, (iv) Milestone Analysis Method, and (v) Replacement Cost Method.
Experts advocates new rules
According to Nangia & Co LLP Partner Amit Agarwal, the amendments to Rule 11UA of the Indian Income Tax Act bring positive changes by offering taxpayers flexibility through multiple valuation methods, simplifying the valuation date consideration, incentivising venture capital investments, facilitating investments from notified entities, providing clarity on CCPS and encouraging foreign investments.
“The inclusion of a tolerance threshold for minor valuation discrepancies further enhances
efficiency and fairness in tax assessments, ultimately benefiting both taxpayers and the
government,” he said.
“These changes offer taxpayers a broader range of valuation methods to choose from, including
internationally recognized approaches, thereby attracting foreign investments and fostering
clarity. Moreover, the notified final rule introduces an additional sub-clause specifically addressing
CCPS,” added Agarwal.
Manick Wadhwa, Director of Strategy at SKI Capital Service Ltd said the amendment expands the valuation methods for startups beyond the original Adjusted Net Asset Value (NAV) and Discounted Cash Flow (DCF). “These additional options, especially pertinent for non-resident investors, offer greater flexibility in valuation. Moreover, a ‘ninety-day clause’ is introduced, stating that valuation reports by SEBI-registered Merchant Bankers are valid if prepared within 90 days of the share issue date,” he said.
AKM Global Tax Partner Amit Maheshwari said the new angel tax rules have very well taken care of
an important aspect of CCPS valuation mechanism which was not the case earlier since most of
the investments in India by VC funds is through the CCPS route only.
“The extension of 10 per cent safe harbour to CCPS investments as it was earlier meant for equity
shares will give necessary margin of safety for taking care of foreign exchange fluctuations and is
a welcome move,” Maheshwari added.
The CBDT had in May come out with draft rules on valuation of funding in unlisted and
unrecognised startups for levying income tax, commonly termed as ‘Angel Tax’ and had invited
public comments on it.
The amended rules are aimed at bridging the gap between the rules outlined in FEMA and the
Income Tax.
So far, only investments by domestic investors or residents in closely held companies or unlisted
firms were taxed over and above the fair market value. This was commonly referred to as an angel
tax.
